This article is an amalgamation of two distinct fields of Islamic taxation and Art History with a focus on Islamic taxation concepts and a biblical story by Masaccio that highlights the importance of taxation in the Early Renaissance era. This article focuses on the hermeneutical comparative study of Islamic taxation concepts and their historical and conceptual perspectives. Islamic taxation systems are based on Sharia or Islamic law. It is crucial because both Muslims and non-Muslims implemented Sharia during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and even after his death. In this study, the importance of taxation is explored by a biblical tale, “Tribute Money”, to illustrate the significance of the tax in the region's survival and improvement. This article uses Hermeneutics, a qualitative method whose nature is exploratory, to conclude that taxation is a contentious concept because it affects the economic and social progress of well-being. In the great ancient empires, taxation emerged and expanded gradually. Furthermore, this emerging concept was spread to other empires and cultures, so taxation became a cultural tradition.
Keywords: Islamic Taxation, Tribute Money, Masaccio, Biblical Tale, Taxation

Agricultural financing is crucial in improving farm productivity and has various forms including institutional and noninstitutional financing. The Wasil Foundation has recently introduced Bai Salam, an Islamic agricultural financing method involving deferred delivery with upfront payment supporting small farmers and serving as a feasible alternative to conventional financing in Muslim-majority regions. This study examines the impact of Bai Salam, extended by the Wasil Foundation, on the wheat production business in the Faisalabad district. Data were collected from 90 Salam borrowers (intervention group) and 100 non-Salam farmers (control group) from the same area with similar/closely related attributes. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to gather information on sociodemographic indicators (age, education, family size, farm size) and farming attributes (cost of land preparation, labor, irrigation, chemicals, wheat output/acre). Descriptive analysis, t-tests, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. The study found significant differences between the intervention and control groups in input purchasing behaviors, output, revenue, and profits per unit area. Regression analysis revealed that Salam borrowers achieved significantly higher wheat output per acre (2.6 mounds) than the control group. Moreover, most control variables (age, education, family size) exhibited the expected relationships with farm productivity. These findings highlight the positive impact of Bai Salam financing and emphasize the importance of promoting it among policymakers and practitioners in the agricultural sector to achieve sustainable development goals in countries such as Pakistan. Keywords: Agricultural credit, Small farmers, Bai Salam, Salam, Agro production business, Farm size, Impact assessment, Rural poverty, Input purchasing behavior, Islamic agriculture financing

Purpose: The current body of literature presents two contrasting theories: the 'too much finance' hypothesis and the 'more finance, more growth' hypothesis. These hypotheses propose that the association between finance and economic growth can be positive or negative, depending on a specific threshold of financing. However, previous research on financing through Islamic banks and output growth has yielded conflicting findings, mainly due to a narrow focus on total financing. To fill this research gap, the current study examines the impact of Islamic consumer financing and Islamic producer financing on the growth of agricultural output in Malaysia during the period from Q4 2010 to Q4 2020, taking into account the potential nonlinear effects.
Methodology: This study utilizes the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach to examine the nonlinear impact of Islamic decomposed financing on agricultural output growth. The study utilizes the Dawson approach to visualize the effect of a moderator on the nonlinear model.
Findings: The study finds a U-shaped nonlinear relationship between Islamic consumer financing, Islamic producer financing, and agricultural output growth in Malaysia. Beyond a specific threshold, financial development positively affects economic growth. Originality: This study significantly enhances our understanding of the impact of Islamic decomposed financing and its threshold effect on a country's economic growth, making a valuable contribution to the existing literature in this field.
Policy implications: Threshold points are vital for policymakers to stimulate agricultural output growth through an improved Islamic financial system. This involves expansion and a robust infrastructure, including monitoring, adherence, marketing, and farmer incentives to reinforce the financial growth nexus and improve the system quality.
Keywords: Agriculture Growth, Islamic Consumer Finance, Islamic Producer Finance, Threshold effects

This study aims to investigate the impact of Islamic microfinance on poverty alleviation. A case study has been conducted on the Akhuwat Islamic Microfinance institution to know its role in poverty alleviation. The sample comprises 250 Islamic microfinance clients, and respondents are selected through the convenience sample technique. The data are collected through a survey questionnaire from Islamic microfinance clients of Akhuwat Islamic microfinance institution. The regression analysis is carried out to analyze the impact of Islamic microfinance on poverty alleviation. The findings have shown the significant positive effect of Islamic microfinance on poverty alleviation. This research has implications for government, practitioners, and microfinance institutions.
Keywords: Islamic Microfinance, Poverty Alleviation.

Islamic banks' operations and practices in Pakistan are highly influenced by the Panel of Boards and Shari'ah Penal. Zakat reserves management is one of the significant responsibilities they oversee. Islam requires Muslims to give zakat, which is an obligatory charity. In addition, it provides a means of redistributing wealth and elevating the less fortunate in society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the Panel of Boards and Shari'ah Penal on the Zakat reserves in Islamic banks in Pakistan. Furthermore, it seeks to determine how these governing bodies are responsible for ensuring that Zakat reserves are properly utilized and distributed. As a result, this is in accordance with Islamic principles. During the period of 2017-2022, data were collected from Pakistani Islamic banks' annual reports. EViews version 10 also applied a penal data regression test to analyze data. The coefficient of the variable POB size was 3.7071. Accordingly, the size and reputation of the penal board was found to have a significant positive impact on the zakat reserves. As well, the study found that varying Shari'ah positive measures (SSP) had a significant impact on the zakat reserve (p=0.0021). This study concluded that larger POBs and SSPs can increase zakat contributions, indicating that larger POBs and SSPs contribute to social responsibility. The study also found that POB compensation influences zakat reserves in a significant manner, demonstrating the sufficiency of compensation. As compensation increases costs for Islamic banks, this increase can be managed since it may be determined by the performance of the bank. This study contributes to the existing literature on Islamic banking and finance. In addition, it can provide guidance for policymakers and stakeholders in the industry.
Keyword: Zakat Reserves Performance, Penal Board, Shari’ah Penal, Corporate Governance