Shari'ah audit includes auditing and assurance processes for products, transactions, disbursements of financing, profit distribution, policy for depositors, penalty charges, accounting recognition and measurement as well as financial reporting. The study examines the awareness level regarding Shari'ah Auditing issues in Islamic Banks of Pakistan. Some of the areas under consideration are awareness of respondents regarding Shari'ah audit, the appointment of Shari'ah auditor their requisite qualification and regarding the scope of Shari'ah audit. Survey questionnaires were distributed among Shari'ah scholars, auditing practitioners of Islamic banks and accounting academicians as these are the practitioners who are facing the issues while performing their tasks in the field and their views are very crucial for the development of a stable Shari'ah-compliance framework. The study finds that the awareness about the issues of Shari'ah auditing in Pakistan is low among accounting academicians. Further, the collaboration of institutions is required to fill this gap and there is a need for harmonization of practices with global standards.

Keywords: IFIs, Awareness,Shari'ah Audit, Issues, Pakistan.

In recent years, the trend of electronic banking has successfully progressed and upgraded business and transactions all over the world. All of thechange is in line with Information Technology (IT). Today banks are working in a competitiveenvironment independently and with globalizing trends due to information technology innovations inthebankingsector. Ifind out the evolution of e-banking in Pakistan. E-banking is not new for us, E-banking service is available 24x7 and our monetary transactions become easy, convenient, and in timely. Our country is fully aware of its benefits; this is the reason that SBP has promoted it in Pakistan.The objective of this study is to measure the progress of e-banking in Pakistan from2006 to 2017. The progress of electronic banking in Pakistani banking industry is measured through various parameters such as IT facilities,ATMs, Transactions volume, etc.Highest users of e-banking are 42% users in Islamic banks.This study is based on secondary data and is analytical in nature. The methodologyincludedsimple growth rate like total quantities of plastic card, transactions,thevalueof transactions, ATMs, Real-Time Online Branches(RTOBs)and Point of Sales (POS)ATMs, RTOBs etc. by using statistical and mathematical measures. The study highlights the progress of electronic banking in Pakistan in both banking systems after adopting ofinformation technology.

Keywords: E-Banking, Information Technology, Conventional & Islamic Banking, Pakistan.

TA large portion of the overall population of the world in general and the Muslim world in particular isliving lower thanthe poverty line.Statistically, as per latest approximations, in 2013, 10.7 percent of theglobe’s population survived on below US$1.90 a day, paralleledto 12.4 percent in 2012. Seven wealthy people in the world possess more than the GDP of 41 oppressed countries in the world. This is equal to the gross income of 567 million people. The ever-increasing gap between supply and demand has helped the microfinance industry to appear as a substitute to attaina rational portion of the financial services marketplace of the world. Subsequently, when usury was forbidden by the Muslims, the Islamic microfinance business appeared; a substituteforthe conventional microfinancebusiness. This article analyzesliterary worksas well as the statistical perspective of the conventional microfinanceindustry and the Islamic microfinanceindustry. It also exploressome prevalentmodels and products of the Islamic microfinance industry in the world in generaland in Pakistan specifically.Finally, this paper presents a sketchofthe suggestedbusiness model for sustainable development andfinancial inclusion of all low-income groups of the Pakistani society.

Keywords: Microfinance, Financial Inclusion, Islamic microfinance, Poverty, Pakistan

The study evaluates the customer’s satisfaction with e-banking system of Islamic Banks in Pakistan.E-banking is an online system whichisused in all types of banking transactions andhasbecomean unavoidable instrument for banking business and economic development. The population of the study consists of the customers of full-fledged Islamic Banks in Lahore. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of e-banking on customer satisfaction. Data on electronic-banking system were collected by an organized questionnaire. A total of 300 respondents were decided but 282 respondents finalized the questionnaire. The SPSS-20 was adopted as a statistical tool to examine the data as collected from the bank’s customers. The study found that there is a significant associationbetween electronic banking and customer satisfaction after applying the multiple regressions. The study finds that all the variables have a positive impact on customer satisfaction. The level of satisfaction was approximately 69%, while the other22%customers’behaviourwas neutral and 9% were found dissatisfied. Keeping in view the result of data analysis, it is strongly recommended that the gap between customer level should be bridged customers satisfaction level so as to facilitate the Islamic Banking at its optimum level. The factorscausing dissatisfaction in the customer behaviourshould be addressed in very responsive manners. In the conclusion of this research indicates that e-banking has a positive impact on customers of Islamic Banks in Pakistan.

Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Electronic Banking, Online Products, Islamic Banks in Pakistan

The study explores the highly sensitive areaof concentration risk in terms ofcredit portfolio for topcommercial banks operating in Pakistan’s banking industry comparatively in the categories of both Conventional and Islamic banks. The relationship trendsof concentration risk of banks’credit portfolio and GDP, GNI of Pakistan have also been observed in this research. The secondary data has been obtained from the annual financial reports of banks, statistical bulletins issued by the State Bank of Pakistan, and World Bank data from the year 2009 to 2016. The HHI (Her find hall hirschmann Index) has been utilized to execute the concentration risk analysis and it was explored that conventional banks’ credit portfolio haslesser concentration risk than Islamic banks credit portfolio. Moreover the positive relationof this concentration risk has been observed withGDPand GNI through descriptive analysis of secondary data especially inthecase of Islamic banks in Pakistan.

Keywords: Concentration Risk, Islamic Banking, Conventional Banking, GDP, GNI,HHI, Pakistan